By Erik Hertzberg
(Bloomberg) — Canada’s budget watchdog is skeptical Prime Minister Mark Carney’s government will fulfill one of its key fiscal pledges.
The parliamentary budget officer says it’s unlikely deficits will fall as a share of the economy in coming years, suggesting the federal government won’t meet one of the fiscal anchors it outlined in its budget last week.
On Nov. 4, Finance Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne projected a $78.3 billion deficit for the 2025-26 fiscal year, representing 2.5% of the country’s gross domestic product and driven by major increases in spending on infrastructure, military and housing.
The government said the ratio would fall to 1.5% by 2029-30 “to ensure disciplined fiscal management for future generations.”
In the report Friday, the watchdog said stress-testing suggested there’s only a 7.5% chance of that taking place.
Jason Jacques, the country’s interim parliamentary budget officer, has previously called the fiscal picture “stupefying” and “not sustainable.” In the report, he said it’s also unlikely that the country’s debt levels as a share of the economy would decline over the long run.
“There is limited fiscal room for the government to reduce revenues or increase program spending while ensuring the federal debt-to-GDP ratio in 2055-56 is at or below its initial (2024-25) level,” he said. The fiscal situation contrasts with that of the previous three years, which “would have provided more fiscal room to address future challenges and risks,” he added.
Despite the warnings, there’s little evidence of concerns from markets about the added debt. Government of Canada bonds rallied after the budget was released last week, and business groups and economists have generally praised changes to investment tax write-offs.
The International Monetary Fund has also said that relative to other Group of Seven countries, Canada has fiscal room to spend to boost the country’s lagging investment and productivity.
A spokesperson for Champagne said the budget addresses the broader growth and productivity challenges Canada has long faced.
“While we respect the PBO and the work they do to provide timely reports to parliamentarians, the report in question takes a narrow outlook of Canada’s fiscal and economic policy trajectory, looking at Canada’s budget in isolation — absent longer-term considerations and knock-on effects,” John Fragos said in a statement.
“Notably, the PBO itself has noted that the fiscal plan presented in Budget 2025 is sustainable over the long term.”
Carney has also pledged to balance operating expenditures with revenues by 2028-29, which requires a distinction between capital spending and the day-to-day costs of the government. In the report, the watchdog suggested the government “establish an independent expert body to determine which federal spending categories and measures qualify as capital investment.”
The government is searching for a permanent replacement for Jacques and has listed an ad on the job posting site Indeed.
–With assistance from Mario Baker Ramirez.
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Last modified: November 14, 2025