Audi (Volkswagen Group)
Q5 PHEV, A7 PHEV, and similar 2021–2023 TFSI-e models
High-voltage battery overheating and thermal-runaway potential
Owners advised not to charge vehicles until remedy applied
Recall due to defective battery module or contamination issue
BMW
All PHEV models built Jan–Sep 2020, including 3-, 5-, 7-Series, X1, X2, X3, X5, and Mini Countryman
Foreign particle contamination in battery cells leading to potential short circuit
Risk increases when battery is fully charged
Recall covered thousands of vehicles globally
Stellantis (Jeep / Chrysler)
Jeep Wrangler 4xe and Grand Cherokee 4xe (2020–2025); Chrysler Pacifica PHEV (2017–2021)
High-voltage battery cell damage may lead to internal short and fire
Fires reported when vehicle was off, parked, or charging; owners told to stop charging and park outside
Major global recall; some fires occurred post-charging
Volvo
S60, S90, V60, V90, XC60, and XC90 Recharge PHEVs (2020–2022)
Battery module defect can cause short circuit when parked and fully charged
Manufacturer advised owners not to charge until software and module fix completed
Estimated 7,000+ affected in North America
Ford
Kuga PHEV (Europe, 2020–2021) and Escape PHEV (North America)
Drive-battery overheating and thermal event during charging
Several documented fires occurred while vehicle was plugged in
Owners instructed not to recharge until recall repairs complete
Volkswagen Group (VW, Cupra, Seat, Skoda)
2020–2023 PHEV models across brands
Fuse and insulation defect in high-voltage battery assembly
Fault may cause overheating or fire risk during or after charging
Approximately 100,000 units recalled worldwide
Hyundai / Kia (smaller scale, historical)
Ioniq PHEV, Optima PHEV (select 2018–2020 units)
Faulty battery cell manufacturing leading to short circuit
Rare incidents during charging or parked state
Manufacturer issued voluntary recall and software fix